Christian Morality Essay Example For Students

Christian Morality Essay Christian Morality. Moral truth is in target reality, as Christ educated. The Basics. Christ instructed that there is a rationale to profound quality characterizing humanresponsibilities dependent on the laws of life. Proof showsthat sin misleads people and defiles minds, yet theologyportrays sin as being emotionally parleyed by God andtherefore needing being deciphered by the individuals who speak forGod. The submission to the inevitable left the universes moral examination with an enormous hole init. The hole is in the theoretical fundamentals. Nuts and bolts are the real factors whereupon different real factors depend. They make the bedrock everything being equal. This site characterizes the nuts and bolts of profound quality and assembles uponthem to clarify moral ideas. A complete good examination isnot delivered somewhere else, in light of the fact that scholars do notunderstand the deliberations of profound quality. They use religion torationalize the inner mind powers which cause sin ratherthan beat them. What is frequently not acknowledged about profound quality is its objectiveorigins, its social centrality and the related humanresponsibilities. While some of it is clear and can't bedenied, it isn't in the religious philosophy. For instance, extremism, elitism,jealousy, control, abuse and mistreatment are notcorrected by religious philosophy. Without an authoritative investigation, mistakes can't be revised. With it, mistakes can't be supported. In an alternate manner, Christ created a similar subject, however hecould not get much of anywhere into philosophical reflections due toobvious restrictions including a nonappearance of a composed medium. He utilized illustrations intensely to balance out significant focuses innonabstract terms. Reason is the essential human duty. Debased personsattack and impede the thinking procedure. This materialcounters the debasement by depicting how to include reason tomorality. The legitimacy of good investigation must be considered in theseterms:Truth is Universal. There is just a single truth, since it is goal and general. For instance, one and one can just rise to two, not three oranything else. Christ made the beginning stage in assessing moral truth,and he said we should decide for ourselves what right andwrong are. (Luke 12:57). Deciding for ourselves doesn't mean the fact of the matter is negotiableor subjective. An incredible opposite, it is perpetual. It has originsin target reality, which is the equivalent for everybody. However, there are likewise components of it that are past humanminds. One of Christs main roles was to describeessential components of reality which people could notdetermine. The undeterminable components of truth are the nonbasic(perceivable) points of interest. Being nonbasic, they can't bedetermined through rationale. On the other hand, the nuts and bolts aredetermined through a mix of rationale and proof. Talking on ones own. At that point Christ said that he who talks all alone is twisted onself-glorification. He said he was not talking all alone butwas determined what to state by God, as did Isaiah and Jeremiah. Does this prerequisite negate that of deciding forourselves what truth is? Not in the least. One of the essential humanresponsibilities is to figure out what the truth is through aprocess of sanity. Portraying how this procedure functions isthe main role of this material. What at that point is talking on ones own? It is delivering specificsand complexities which can't be resolved through rationale incombination with proof. For instance, what is the proof and rationale to show whatspeaking in tongues is? I cannot envision what the rationale andevidence would be. Subsequently, I should take somebody elsesword for it, and they become a divine being over my existence. This technique for making divine beings is the proportional ofgnosticismone of the mainstays of sin. Like it isauthoritarianism, which is unavoidable all through theprofessions. It says on the off chance that you can't see how one andone approaches three, we can; and in this manner we should be godsover your reality.Freud and Einstein fill that need. They supposedlyrevealed something that the greater part of us can't comprehend, andtherefore the divine beings must decipher it for us. .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d , .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d .postImageUrl , .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d , .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d:hover , .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d:visited , .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d:active { border:0!important; } .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d:active , .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d:hover { haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-design: underline; } .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enrichment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u2dad4916d0107cdc4d0edf991f39844d:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Same Sex Marriages EssayCharisma is the cutting edge variant of the gnostic sin. Thecharismatics state no one but they can talk in tongues andunderstand what it implies, and along these lines they should controlthe religion. The people who advance such elitistism don't know ofthe target roots of the real world and the human responsibilityfor assessing it through soundness. This site endeavors toexplain how the procedure functions in applying judiciousness tomorality. It isn't as much an issue of who is correct and whois off-base as whether the best possible strategy is utilized to derivethe truth. Surely, as far as mottos, everybody expect they arerational and objective, yet they frequently don't have theslightest sign concerning what those ideas are, and they defythem practically speaking. There is consequently a need to create truthon this subject. The official Catholic philosophy, which should be Godsinfallible word, says that it is just plain wrong to apply sanity tomorality, since human personalities are excessively blemished, and churchauthorities must do it for them. (See Veritatis Splendor). The most essential human capacity and obligation is toproduce soundness. The most significant thing to apply it to ismorality. There could be no more prominent unfairness, loss of rightsand opportunity or depravity of human presence than to not beable to apply soundness to profound quality. Obviously, the standard of identifying with profound quality withoutrationality is a logical inconsistency which can't be accomplished. The individuals who represent God and speak to chapel authorities,which incorporates moderate laymen, must apply some degreeof sanity to the subject, anyway defective it may be. Theprimary noteworthiness of the philosophy is to square analysis andcorrection of blunders. So there is in excess of an impulse in delivering this site. There is a high level of need in creating truth on thissubject. Truth can't be declared; it develops automaticallythrough the cooperations of real factors. One of the most significant good standards is that wrongdoing cannotexist in the light of truth. The motivation behind why is on the grounds that eventhe most ruined people (counting satan) can't openlyadmit their transgression. Sin should consistently be hidden, denied orrationalized. Hence, sin must be executed where there isdarkness, which means an insufficiency of truth. Furthermore, the mostcorrupted people are the most sharpened to truth reactingmost incredibly to legitimize themselves when truth is created. What this rule means is that reality is the way sin isovercome. Since all issues are brought about by transgression, developingtruth is the response to issues. Be that as it may, debased personshate any individual who produces truth about issues or moralityin general, so the way is exceptionally troublesome.

Business Strategy - multi-national conglomerate Essay

Business Strategy - worldwide combination - Essay Example Because of the organization's immense size, it faces issues acclimating to the prerequisites in quickly changing economic situations. 1.2.1.1 Recommended Strategies The organization should focus on advancement of cordless apparatuses and market them utilizing its viable promoting methodology. The assembling plant should be migrated to moderately affordable territory with the goal that the expense of creation can be decreased. Separate situating is required for shopper and expert instruments; thus the organization should mark them independently. Littler and sensible Strategic Business Units (SBUs) can be made which are increasingly receptive to the changing business sector request and needs. The organization ought to draw in the wholesalers utilizing idea of vertical reconciliation. 1.2.2 Makatume Absence of spotlight on power apparatuses for purchaser showcase channel that is relied upon to develop. This may bring about loss of income to the organization. 1.2.2.1 Recommended Strategies The organization needs to address this issue by setting up a division for delivering power devices for purchaser showcase including corded and cordless apparatuses. These devices ought to be created for people and Do-It-Yourself (DIY) kind of clients. 1.3 Opportunities 1.3.1 Smith and White Corporation The remainder of the market comprises of a few household and outside specialty contenders with nobody having more prominent than 5% portion of the all out market. The cordless apparatuses showcase is developing at a high rate and can be tapped. 1.3.1.1 Recommended Strategies The organization should concentrate on creating cordless instruments as the market is developing at an exceptionally high pace of 10% every year. Innovative work spending should be set up and creative structures and models ought to be created to tap this creating market. Moreover, the organization ought to create systems to expand hindrances to passage for...The fabricating plant should be migrated to generally practical territory with the goal that the expense of creation can be decreased. Separate situating is required for customer and expert instruments; consequently the organization should mark them independently. Littler and reasonable Strategic Business Units (SBUs) can be made which are increasingly receptive to the changing business sector request and needs. The organization ought to draw in the merchants utilizing idea of vertical reconciliation. The organization needs to address this issue by building up a division for creating power devices for purchaser advertise including corded and cordless devices. These devices ought to be created for people and Do-It-Yourself (DIY) kind of clients. The organization should concentrate on creating cordless devices as the market is developing at an extremely high pace of 10% every year. Innovative work spending should be built up and imaginative plans and models ought to be created to tap this creating market. Furthermore, the organization ought to create systems to expand boundaries to section for new contenders making it hard for them to enter the market. Notwithstanding raising boundaries to passage for potential new contestants in to the market, the organization should concentrate on undiscovered shopper channel power devices m

Try These Cognitive Restructuring Exercises to Improve Your Mood and Reduce Stress

Try These Cognitive Restructuring Exercises to Improve Your Mood and Reduce Stress Life is full of problems and challenges. We have all at some point found ourselves in one difficult situation or another.This could be loss of a loved one, loss of a job, suffering from a terminal illness, fighting with a loved one, being in a job you hate, suffering a broken heart, and so on.These situations can be very stressing and draining, and sometimes, you might find your life spiraling out of control.You get sucked into a downward spiral where your situation leads to negative thoughts, which in worsen your situation, resulting in a never ending cycle of negativity, anxiety, depression and desperation.You might have tried various ways of pulling yourself out of this cycle, but nothing seems to work. You have tried sharing your feelings with friends, you have even tried following the teachings of various motivational speakers, but nothing just seems to work.If you happen to find yourself in such a situation, you might want to give Cognitive Restructuring (CR) a try.Cognitive re structuring will help you deal with these situations by overcoming negative thinking and becoming more aware of what is happening in your mind, which in turn changes your way of thinking for better.In this article, I’ll take you through the most effective CR exercises that you can do on your own that have been shown to have positive effects on your mood and overall wellbeing.But first, let’s understand what cognitive restructuring is.WHAT IS COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING? Cognitive restructuring, also referred to as cognitive reframing is a therapeutic, collaborative and structured technique where distressed people learn how to identify, challenge, evaluate, and modify stress-inducing thought patterns, and automatic beliefs that are considered responsible for damaging behaviors and psychological disturbance.This technique was developed in the 1950s by a renowned psychologist called Albert Ellis, and forms a core component of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).The main objective of cog nitive restructuring is to enable stressed individuals to replace negative thought or habits with more positive (and therefore less stress-inducing) ones.It helps one change the distorted thinking that often lies behind the unpleasant moods that we experience from time to time. As such, it helps you approach situations in a more positive way.This approach, which was first developed as a part of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for depression, happens to be a very powerful therapy technique as it has helped many people cope with several types of stressful situations, and has been identified by therapists as an effective treatment approach for psychological disorders like depression, relationship issues, addictions, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), phobias and anxiety.BENEFITS OF COGNITIVE THERAPYCognitive therapy trains your brain to learn new ways of seeing and approaching life issues.You learn how to think clearly and determine if your thoughts and beliefs are rational and benefi cial among other benefits, which include:Controlled thinking: CR helps one learn ways of stopping unwanted thoughts that lead to bad moods, stress and depression, while promoting rational and positive thinking.Helps build confidence: Being in control of your feelings, thoughts and belief systems helps build your confidence. You no longer feel inadequate or find yourself needlessly doubting yourself.You become more rational: This therapy helps you think and believe things in a well-reasoned and logical way. It helps prevent automatic negative thoughts from taking control of your brain.Better life outcomes: As a result of our past bad experiences, we may be inclined to expect bad things to happen in our lives but as our thoughts and beliefs change, we begin to expect more positive things.  We begin to see situations more logically.  This in turn causes things to happen in line with our expectations.With cognitive restructuring, we start to question our past beliefs and experiences to find out whether  they were rational or not.Are they actually based on facts?Did we just believe things for decades without questioning?   And what’s the actual truth?Could it be possible that we brainwashed ourselves for years?Do we take time to listen to others’ or do we spend time much time listening to our own internal negative thoughts?The same way thoughts change our beliefs, is the same way physical changes occur in our brain when we alter our thoughts. We begin expecting different outcomes, because our way of thinking has changed.We now see things differently than we did in the past. This new positive perspective on life in turn results in more positive experiences and outcomes in life.Because of this, we can think of the brain as a neutral object that responds in the way we train it to respond. Cognitive therapy helps you to train your brain to respond positively to all situations.Helps you relax: The most important thing we learn in social anxiety therapy is to train o ur brain to respond to stressful situations in a different way than we used to before.  Hence stress and anxiety does not frighten and freak us out anymore.  We instead learn how to employ a relaxed approach and handle the situation with peace and calmness.HOW DOES COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING WORK? Source: Expert Program ManagementCognitive restructuring helps to transform the way we think and behave, which normally affects how we handle situations. Negative thinking hinders positive outcomes.For example, when an individual is depressed, their way of perceiving and interpreting things become distorted.This distorted view brings about negative mindsets, jumping into conclusions, mistakenly seeing situations as catastrophic, and seeing things as either good or bad with nothing in between.If people get used to fearful or negative thinking, their perception of life changes automatically. Cognitive restructuring helps to challenge these automatic thoughts and instead compare them with reality.If a negative person can change their way of reasoning, their stress levels will go down and they will begin to function in a way that is more likely to benefit them and those around them as well.With cognitive restructuring, the individual learns how to ditch the default negative mode and solv e issues in a more constructive way, without seeing every situation as catastrophic.This in turn reduces stress, negative moods and helps them to feel more in control of the situation.To make it easier to understand how these automatic negative thoughts affect us and how cognitive restricting can change that, I’ll use an illustration. For a moment, let’s think about a person with exam phobia.For such a person, the simple thought of sitting for a test is enough to fill them with anxiety and nervousness.In most cases, this is usually a result of a past negative experience with tests. In this case, the student gets nervous because of the faulty thinking which says Because I failed in a test before, I will fail in all other tests. Source: Lumen LearningCognitive restructuring in this case would try to have the student looking at the actual facts rather than what their mind is telling them.Just because they failed once before, it doesn’t mean they will always fail.Instead of thinking about the one time they failed, cognitive restructuring urges them to think about the other times they did well in tests.COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING EXERCISESHere are several exercises to help tear down faulty cognitive distortions. Used again and again, these distortions will be replaced with positive, balanced thoughts.Mindful MeditationMindful meditation is very essential in training yourself to be aware or mindful of situations that make you get lost in negative thoughts.Mindful awareness of your beliefs, anxieties and thoughts is an important first step in cognitive restructuring.This exercise involves focusing on a particular thing, say breathing for a set number of minutes.Instead of thinking about what you are going through, you instead put all your focus into experiencing the sensations of your breathing, which helps to clear the negative thoughts from your mind.After clearing the negative thoughts from your mind, you can then replace them with positive affirmations and positive thoughts.Learning and adopting mindfulness meditation is one of the best was of completely detaching yourself from your own thoughts.Increasing Awareness of ThoughtsThe first thing to consider when trying to fix faulty thinking is to identify the thoughts in your mind that could be faulty.Getting to understand your own mind, mainly your biased or overly negative thoughts, is an important step of this process.It will take effort and time to understand and improve your awareness of your own mind.It’s not common for human beings to stop in the middle of a thought or intense emotion and start thinking about how the thought came about.As difficult as it may sound, however, the results will be worth the effort once you learn how to become aware of your thoughts.Start taking note of the negative emotions in your brain, or think of the times when your anxiety, depression and negative moods are most prevalent.You could start with your behaviors if you find it too difficult to start with your emotions.Look out for the behaviors you don’t like and would want to change, and then try to identify what triggers them.These situations can be referred to as “alarm” or “trigger” situations. These are the situations that precede the instances of cognitive distortions.Some alarm situations include:Feeling stressed any time you have to spend a night alone. You start feeling lonely, which in turn triggers negative thoughts and emotions.Feelings of  anxiety when your friends ask you out. You begin to sweat and your heart races.Arguing with your partner after you just met with your boss. The arguments usually start over very minor things, like chores.When a big assignment is due at school or work, you put it off until the last minute.These are just some few examples of alarm situations. Take time and think about similar situations in your own life.Have you experienced scenarios that normally bring out painful or uncomfortable emotions?Are there situations that tend to have a larger impact on your mood than expected?Identify as many ‘triggers’ as possible, and make them as specific as possible.Having a list of your most common triggers is very helpful when starting your cognitive restructuring journey, since it will help you to become aware of moments when you are undergoing instances of cognitive distortion.Socratic QuestioningSocratic Questioning is a very effective exercise that can help you challenge illogical, irrational, or harmful thinking.It explains that thoughts are running conversations in our minds that come and go very quickly to even understand them. Socratic question allows us to question our thoughts and try to find out if they are helpful or not.When you find yourself having a negative thought, below are some questions you could ask yourself about the thought:1. Is this thought realistic?  Identify the thoughts you would want questioned. You could think of a specific thought that often comes into your mind that you think is irrational or destructive.2. Am I basing my thoughts on facts or feelings?Consider the evidence for and against the thought you have identified. Is there evidence that this thought is accurate?3. Is the thought correct?The next step is to make a judgment on this thought. Weigh the evidence for the thought and the one against the thought then objectively decide whether the thought is true or false.4. Am I viewing the situation as black and white, when it’s really more complicated?Find out if this thought is really a black or white situation, or if leaves some space for grey shades.Are your thoughts forcing you to perceive situations as an all-or-nothing affair, jumping into conclusions even when things are not straightforward?Could you be wrongly interpreting available evidence or making assumptions that are any unverified.For instance, just because your boyfriend hasn’t called you, does it automatically mean he doesn’t care about you (all or nothing thinking), or could there be something else â€" such as being in a meeting â€" that has made him unable to call?5. Could I be misinterpreting the evidence?Next, try thinking if other people could have interpret the same situation differently and what those interpretations could be.Find out if your interpretation is among the many valid interpretations, or if yours is an unlikely interpretation compared to others.Ask yourself if you have exhausted all the relevant evidence or just the evidence that supports your existing beliefs.Be as objective as possible.6. Am I having this thought out of habit, or do facts support it?Is there a chance you could be exaggerating a truth.Have you thought something so many times that you have started thinking of it as the truth, even if it is not?Try to think about how this thought came to be. Are there any facts to support the thought?These “Socratic questions” helps to identify and diffuse thoughts that don’t come from a place of truth and offers an opportunity to analyze and evaluate them for truth.Guided ImageryDid you know that visualization can be a great tool for managing pain, relaxing, managing anger and getting anxiety under control? It’s also an extremely effective method of cognitive restructuring.Guided imagery consists of three major elements:Life event visualizationImage reinstatementFeeling focusingLife Event VisualizationHere, you identify a specific event or theme that is the focus of your therapy sessions.It could be something that occurred recently e.g. an argument with a friend, or a past event that still disturbs you, like being rejected or bullied when you were young.You should then keep this theme in mind and let an image arise organically from this life event.Image Reinstat ement This exercise focuses on the particular image that came to mind when you focused your thought on a particular life event in the previous step.Depending on the situation you are thinking about and your perception of the situation, this image mean something to you and may result in feelings of sadness, anxiety, being upset, or any another strong emotion.Feeling FocusingHere, focus on the feeling that you are experiencing in the session, and allow an image to come from the feeling.The image will usually arise spontaneously. If it fails, another technique referred to as multisensory evocation can help to clarify the image. You can then have an exploration of your senses to help sharpen the image and identify more detail.You will then move on to assessing what meaning the image holds for you. Some exercises you can use to do this include:Interviewing: In this exercise, you try to question on the role of an entity or object from the mental image. You can do this yourself, or you can be guided by another party, such as a therapist, who will ask you specific questions regarding the image.Prompted dialogue: This exercise involves taking on a role and addressing one of the other objects or people in the image (e.g., you could identify as a bird and address the clouds around you as you fly in the air).Prompted soliloquy: You will be required to identify an object or entity from the image (e.g., visualize yourself as a bird flying over a lake), and speak from the position of this object or entity (e.g., speak about how it felt to be the bird, and what the flying and the lake below you symbolized).Prompted transformation: Here, you shift or change the image; this can be especially helpful when the current image has reached the end of its usefulness as a discussion piece.Prompted descriptions: This basic exercise simply involves a third party’s (therapist) use of frequent questions about what you are seeing and feeling. You will work together to identify the meaning s attached to the image, after which you begin to challenge, restructure, or replace harmful beliefs and assumptions.Thought RecordingKeeping record of thoughts is an effective way of helping you identify any cognitive distortions that may have gone unquestioned or unnoticed, which a very important step in the restructuring process.One way to structure a thought record is to identify and note the recurrent thoughts in your mind and the various situations in which they pop up.When recording your thought, take note of the situation, emotions, thoughts, alternate thoughts and behaviors associated with that thought.For example, if you are never comfortable being alone, your thought recording could go like this:Situation: All my friends are not available, so I will be spending this evening alone.Thoughts: Nobody wants to spend time with me. I’m just here sitting alone because no one cares about me.Emotions: Disturbed, lonely, dejected.Behaviors: Was indoors all night and did nothing us eful. Just laid in bed thinking how everyone hates me.Alternate Thought: Tonight I’m all alone, everyone is alone from time to time. This is a chance to do whatever I want!Noting this information down will enable you notice things you may not have noticed before, and look for patterns in your thoughts that could have led to specific distortions in your cognition.De-Catastrophizing or “What If?” ExerciseThis is an exercise where you basically asks yourself “what is the worst that can happen?” and goes ahead to follow a situation rationally up to completion.Most of the times, we suffer depression and anxieties due to assumptions about how things could go wrong.We think of the worst case scenario for every situation, even if the likelihood of the worst case scenario happening is too low.Sometimes, even if the worst case scenario were to play out, it wouldn’t really ruin our lives, yet we stress so much about it.De-catastrophizing or asking yourself “what if?” helps you to think rationally about what is likely to happen and therefore reduce unreasonable and irrational anxiety.In addition, de-catastrophizing also helps you see that even the worst-case scenario is manageable, in case it does actually happen.Self-Compassion  Self-compassion is about being kind to yourself whenever you feel depressed, moody or feel a sense of suffering. It’s about having a kind and compassionate conversation with yourself.For instance, let’s assume you have done something you consider stupid and you therefore feel stressed because you have let yourself down.You might find yourself being hard on yourself and referring to yourself as a “stupid idiot,” something that can lead to stress and anxiety.When you apply self-compassion, instead of berating yourself, you should acknowledge that you indeed made a mistake that made you feel awful, but then remind yourself that making mistakes is part of being human, and that you have been pretty awesome before.This way, you start becoming more tolerant to your mistakes.WRAPPING UPCognitive restructuring is a great way of changing your thought patterns and therefore improving your mood and reducing stress.While learning constructive restructuring won’t be a walk in the park, with enough practice, you will start getting better at it, and eventually, your perception of situations will change completely, such that you will be able to constructively deal with situations that previously made you anxious and stressed out.

Importance Of Airfield Facilities At Washington National...

Airfield Facilities We have now taken a look at the process used to appoint the Board of Directors, and sources of income. After that is all said and done it is time to take a look at the beating heart of Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport which includes the airfield, runways, taxiways, and aprons, and all other facilities involved in operating an airport. This particular airport sits on 860 acres of total land. Taking a closer look 733 acres are on solid ground while 127 acres reside under water. The airport has 44 gates, nine of which are located in Terminal A. The remaining 35 are in Terminal B/C. There are currently three runways on the airfield that form a distinct triangular pattern. President Roosevelt had a very specific†¦show more content†¦DCA was considered the â€Å"last word† in airports upon initial construction. It combined the latest and greatest aspects of technology, facility design, handling of planes, air traffic and field traffic control, l ighting, non-flight related facilities, and surface vehicle control available. Terminal A opened in 1941 along with the airport. The airport facility was originally 115,000 square feet. This changed in 1950 when the first major expansion was completed. They extended the south end of the main terminal by 297 feet, adding 25,110 square feet of total space. As the airport traffic started to grow, they saw a need to expand even further. The next addition is referred to as the â€Å"south finger† was added about five years later. The â€Å"south finger† increased the terminal by an additional 9,979 square feet and additionally provided aircraft gates and loading positions that were desperately needed. Growth in the annual number of passengers continued steadily eventually prompting the construction of the North Terminal. The North Terminal was opened in October of 1958 adding an additional 7,264 square feet. Moving forward they opened a 772 foot long enclosed passageway between the main and north terminals. Terminal B/C was the next major expansion Rea gan National went through. It opened on July 27, 1997 and was one million square feet spread over three levels. Terminal B/C integrated direct connections to the Metrorail

Life at Purchase College - 671 Words

Life at Purchase College Founded in 1967, Purchase College which is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) network of 64 universities and colleges was founded by Governor Nelson Rockefeller. He envisioned a major publicly funded university system. Purchase would individually combine on one campus, an art school training in the visual and performing arts with programs in the liberal arts and sciences. The site selected was a 500-acre working farm, originally the property of Thomas Thomas, a Revolutionary War hero. Purchase College consists of three different schools: School of the Liberal Arts and Sciences, School of the Arts, and the School of Liberal Studies and Continuing Education. Within those three schools, there are over 40 majors and minors an undergraduate student can study in. For Graduate students there are 7 Majors, Artist Diplomas, and Performers Certificates students can apply to. Purchase College encourages you to submit scores from all test sittings of the SAT, ACT or SAT Subject Tests. However, SAT subject tests are not required for admission. Purchase College evaluates thousands of capable applicants each year for admission, access to your full testing profile allows the admissions counselors to fully and fairly assess each applicant. The Office of Admissions maintains a review process with a focus on the quality of your academic program, your cumulative academic average, your test scores and your supplemental application. Purchase CollegeShow MoreRelatedShould Student Debt Go Beyond?1269 Words   |  6 Pagesmake life easier as opposed to ending education with a high school diploma. With the shortage of career opportunities, jobs are becoming more competitive and most require higher education. College has become necessary and so consequently, it has become more expensive. 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Pueblo Revolt of 1680 Free Essays

The Pueblo Revolt of 1680, also known as Pope’s Rebellion, was the rebellion of the Pueblo people toward the Spaniards. The Pueblo people were lead by a medicine man named Pope. (A medicine man is â€Å"a man believed to be able to heal others by making use of supernatural powers, especially among Native North American peoples. We will write a custom essay sample on Pueblo Revolt of 1680 or any similar topic only for you Order Now †) Pope belonged to the Tewa tribe. He was originally from San Juan but was forced to take refuge in Taos because it became too dangerous for him to stay. Pope’s objective was to restore the tradition of Pueblo religion and culture. August 1680 Pope held a meeting with some Pueblo Indians to go over the details of their plan. The plan was to eliminate all Spanish influences. He also declared that everything that had to do with Christianity had to be either broken or burned. This included pictures of holy Christ, the Virgin Mary, crosses, ECT. The plan was to take place on August 11, 1680 but someone told of their plans so Pope decided to start the revolt a day early, August 10. On August 24 the Spaniards had lost the war. About four-hundred people were killed. The Pueblo people’s uprising was a success. In celebration they destroyed Spanish buildings and burned their churches. Within the next ten years the Pueblo people returned to their homes and continued their traditional way of life. Most of the Spanish that was in New Mexico moved to El Paso. In 1690 Pope (means â€Å"Ripe Pumpkin†) died. In 1691 a new governor was appointed, General Don Diego de Vargas. He led the victory over the Pueblo people and reappointed Spanish authority. In the 1692 General Don Diego de Vargas inscribed on a rock â€Å"Here was the General Don Diego de Vargas, who conquered for our Holy Faith, and for the Royal Crown, all the New Mexico, at his expense, Year of 1692†³ How to cite Pueblo Revolt of 1680, Papers

The Greater East Asia War And The A-Bomb Essays -

The Greater East Asia War And The A-Bomb 3. The Greater East Asia War and the A-Bomb 3.1 The Greater East Asia war Along with expansion of its role as a military city, Hiroshima became a modern city. After the Manchurian Incident, the Shanghai Incident, and the outbreak of the full-scale war between Japan and China, the Japanese army and navy launched an attack on the northen Malay Peninsula and attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 8, 1941 (Japan time). Japan rushed into the Greater East Asia War (the Pacific War). In Hiroshima, a center of military affairs since the Sino-Japanese and the Russo-Japanese wars, military installations were expanded and various heavy industries developed rapidly. In 1942, a Marine headquarters (under the command of Lieutenant General Fumio Saeki) was set up in Ujina, and related units were placed on the coast around Hiroshima City. Later, when the atomic bomb was dropped, these units, located about 4 kilometers away from the city, escaped destruction. They sent out relief squads and took a very active part in aiding the wounded, clearing the dead bodies and cleaning the streets. 3.2 Preparations for the Decisive Battle on the Mainland After the outbreak of the war, the air defense setup of the city was rapidly strengthened and was much stronger than in other cities. However, after Japan, which had been victorious in the early stages of the war, lost the battle of Guadalcanal in 1943, the military situation grew steadily worse, and it appeared that the mainland of Japan would be turned into a battlefield. The army hurriedly prepared for a decisive battle on the mainland. With these preparations Hiroshima was to take on a new role. Japan was divided into two parts; the First General Headquarters was placed in Tokyo, and the Second General Headquarters (under the command of Marshal Shunroku Hata) in Hiroshima, where the headquarters of the Chugoku District Governor-General (led by Isei Otsuka), the highest administrative body commissioned by the central government, was also established. In 1944, U.S. forces occupied Saipan, the last strategic point of the Japanese army on the south Pacific front, and established an air base from which to attack the mainland of Japan. In November full-scale air raids were begun, devastating the cities of Japan one by one. Under such conditions, Hiroshima City began the evacuation of students above the third grade of elementary school and of other citizens whose presence was not essential. With the threat of incendiary bombings, demolition of buildings to make fire lanes was carried out on a wide scale. For the demolition of buildings, volunteer army corps in various places, organized according to the National Volunteer Army Conscription Law, and mobilized students of various middle schools and girls' schools were gathered to engage in the work each day. An evacuation plan for citizens was made in preparation for the outbreak of a major conflagration caused by air raids. The evacuation destination of each neighborhood association was specified in advance in order to avoid confusion. The evacuation of people that had been organized at the outset of the air raids was prohibited near the end of the war in order to secure personnel necessary for air defense. 3.3 Demolition of Hiroshima On August 6 1945, one atomic bomb instantly destroyed almost all of the houses and buildings in Hiroshima. They caught fire immediately and were reduced to ashes. In the case of wooden houses, those which were within one kilometer of the hypocenter were smashed at the moment of the explopsion. Those in the area between one kilometer and two kilometers from the hypocenter were completely destroyed. Those in the area two to three kilometers away were severely damaged. Even houses three to four kilometers from the center of the explosion were badly damaged. In the case of reinforced concrete buildings, the roofs of those near the center of the explosion collapsed. Some of the buildings were flattened and became piles of rubble. A fierce fire followed destruction by the violent blast caused by the explosion. Every building within one kilometer of the hypocenter was totally destroyed by the fire whether it was wooden or reinforced concrete. The buildings located one to two kilometers from the

Free Essays on Miranda Rights

The Supreme Court of the United States of America often makes decisions, which change this great nation in a great way. Often there is a disagreement over their decision: the court itself is often split. The impact of the Courts decision creates discussions and on occasion, violence. This is what happened in the case of Miranda v. Arizona in 1966, this case proven to be one of the most controversial cases in the history of this great nation and its people. This case changed history of this country and left a tremendous impact, which many tried to revisit and change in some way or another. Ernest Miranda was born in 1940 in a little town Mesa, Arizona. His father had emigrated from Mexico and now was supporting the family of tree as a house painter. In 1946 Ernest Miranda lost his mother. His mother's death seemed to mark the end of the happy childhood and the beginning of the troubled youth ("Miranda v. Arizona" 14). It was in the elementary school were Mr. Miranda a chose his way, h is discipline was not acceptable his attendance record shows more absences then days present. He was able to finish the 8th grade but his latter education was stopped by his growing criminal activities his first serious arrest was for car theft, he was convicted and received probation ("Miranda v. Arizona" 14). From then on his criminal record growth to inorams size, it shows that he was arrested and convicted for crime such as burglary for which he was convicted and sends to State Industrial School for Boys at Fort Grant. Only a month after his release he arrested and charged with attempted rape and assault. He was found guilty and returned to Fort Grand in January 1957 Miranda was released from Fort Grant two month latter he was arrested in California for curfew violations and Peeping Tom activities five month after hi was arrested for armed robbery. He was released because the state did not have enough evidence to convict him ("Miranda v. Arizona" 14). Du... Free Essays on Miranda Rights Free Essays on Miranda Rights The Supreme Court of the United States of America often makes decisions, which change this great nation in a great way. Often there is a disagreement over their decision: the court itself is often split. The impact of the Courts decision creates discussions and on occasion, violence. This is what happened in the case of Miranda v. Arizona in 1966, this case proven to be one of the most controversial cases in the history of this great nation and its people. This case changed history of this country and left a tremendous impact, which many tried to revisit and change in some way or another. Ernest Miranda was born in 1940 in a little town Mesa, Arizona. His father had emigrated from Mexico and now was supporting the family of tree as a house painter. In 1946 Ernest Miranda lost his mother. His mother's death seemed to mark the end of the happy childhood and the beginning of the troubled youth ("Miranda v. Arizona" 14). It was in the elementary school were Mr. Miranda a chose his way, h is discipline was not acceptable his attendance record shows more absences then days present. He was able to finish the 8th grade but his latter education was stopped by his growing criminal activities his first serious arrest was for car theft, he was convicted and received probation ("Miranda v. Arizona" 14). From then on his criminal record growth to inorams size, it shows that he was arrested and convicted for crime such as burglary for which he was convicted and sends to State Industrial School for Boys at Fort Grant. Only a month after his release he arrested and charged with attempted rape and assault. He was found guilty and returned to Fort Grand in January 1957 Miranda was released from Fort Grant two month latter he was arrested in California for curfew violations and Peeping Tom activities five month after hi was arrested for armed robbery. He was released because the state did not have enough evidence to convict him ("Miranda v. Arizona" 14). Du...

Making a Great Impression Part 1 Tips for Job and Scholarship Applications

Making a Great Impression Part 1 Tips for Job and Scholarship Applications Are you applying for a job or scholarship? The following list of pitfalls to avoid apply to *all* aspects of the process: resumes, cover letters, essays, and even your interview and thank you note. Here are The Essay Experts first 5 tips to help you distinguish yourself from the competition 6-10 coming soon! 1. Not answering the question If an employer or committee asks a question, be sure to answer it! They ask questions in part to hear your answers, and in part to make sure you can follow instructions and stay focused. Sometimes you can answer the question in a creative way, but make sure you have a professional review your answer (for interviews, practice this skill before the actual interview!). The perfect essay or interview response answers the question and shows off your key strengths and accomplishments. 2. Exceeding the word or page limit Your application can get thrown out if you do not comply with the word and page limits. Do not take that chance! There is no point in writing a brilliant essay if it never gets read. Would you rather write 511 words that never get read or 500 words that do? If you are having trouble staying within the word and page limits provided, work with an expert to help you concisely say everything you want to say. Practice concise verbal answers too before you get to your interview! 3. Pointing out why you do not qualify for the position Why would you highlight the reasons an employer would not want to hire you, or the reasons why someone else might be a better recipient of that scholarship? Many applicants make that very mistake. You can be sure that the people reading your application or sitting across from you in an interview already know what?s missing from your application ? they have seen your resume. If they are talking to you, it means they are willing to overlook some of your weak points. Showcase your strengths so that the committee trusts you to do the job even if you don?t meet every qualification on paper. 4. Bragging While you do not want to speak negatively about yourself, you also do not want to brag. A caveat: Many people think they are bragging and they are not; they are just stating their accomplishments. However, sometimes an essay or interview response can sound too self-congratulatory, even to someone wanting to hear about your best. The best policy is to provide facts that demonstrate something extraordinary about your accomplishments. You may want to hire someone to help you strike a balance between selling yourself and going overboard with self-praise. 5. Making grammatical and spelling errors Employers and committees want candidates to demonstrate attention to detail and the ability to communicate effectively. Grammatical and spelling errors demonstrate the lack of these abilities. Slow down in an interview so that you sound professional. And never submit a resume, essay or application without having an expert review it! Your investment will give you peace of mind and unprecedented results. Go to The Essay Experts Services and Rates page to make sure your writing and interviewing skills will make a good impression! Stay tuned for Making a Great Impression Part 2 More Tips for Effective Job and Scholarship Applications

Short Assignment Introduction to Classification Essay

Short Assignment Introduction to Classification - Essay Example These may be outdoor or indoor games. Each of these games has its own value and hold special importance in the child’s upbringing. As outdoor games are more physical involving running, cycling etc and make children strong and tough. Indoor games assist in their mental growth. These may involve playing characters, doing art related stuff or various other rational games. Later on these might be taken up as a profession and one can become a sports figure. Playing games had been a very vital part of my childhood, teaching me lessons that would stick to me to a very long time and adding sportsmanship like qualities to my character. Games can prove to be the best education teaching us the art of living and the battle of life is won by putting in all your strengths and projecting the image of a true sportsman in all situations. The cuts and bruises I got while playing had only made me strong. And not to forget the fun side of games, playing all day long especially on a weekend seemed like the perfect recreation. There are many games which I have grown up playing. The physical outdoor games played were either in groups or as individuals. Group games included Hide and seek, Freeze tag, basketball, Treasure hunt, Make believe, Chalk house, kick ball, Scavenger hunt, Badminton, Tag and chase, Red light green light and Police thief etc. Whereas individual games included jump roping, hopscotch, marbles, cycling, running and swinging etc. These games were high on the physical activity level and hence made us active, enthusiastic and vibrant so much that from the scorching sun to the chilly winds, heavy rains or teeth chattering snow nothing could made us sit inside. The longest of the days would pass like the snap of fingers playing in the yard sometimes alone or sometimes with friends. However there were times when we were made to sit inside the house be it because of a storm or bad weather. We still managed to keep ourselves engaged by playing indoor games; they mig ht not be as physical as the other games nevertheless were source of entertainment for us. Indoor games had quite versatility and included mainly board games, circle, card, creative and electronic games. Snake and ladder, scrabble, jigsaw puzzle, Lego, monopoly, MAD were some board games I used to play. These mind games sharpened our mind, and games like scrabble helped in building our vocabulary. Circle games were played while sitting or standing in form of a big circle and games like Chinese whisper, catch-catch, spin the bottle, change places, sit on lap, keep a straight face, caught in a circle, statue-statue , musical chairs, four corners and Silly has lost his hat were played. Games like these improved our body and mind coordination skills. Card games were more mental and involved making quick and accurate decisions. Solitaire, black jack, Uno, snap, skit cat, slap jack were some of the games we played. There were some creative exercises we used to do, widening our perspective s and enhancing our imagination. These drills involved painting and many arts and crafts related work, some done in school and a few at home. Electronic games were in form of Atari games and computer games. As the technology in the 80’s was not as advanced as it is now hence the video games were much simpler and limited in variety. But we still enjoyed playing them. Whether playing it against a friend or the computer, these games provoked the sense of competition in us. Mario, Prince of Persia, Mortal kombat, Dave, simple car or bike

Article Critique #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article Critique #2 - Essay Example Suchman and Luthar have collaborated on several related projects in the past. Self-referencing in this case is acceptable because other sources are credible. This 2007 article is related to prior work done by the authors and the different studies apparently support one another. The authors assert that parental control results in better behavior outcomes for children, and parental warmth results in better psychological outcomes. Mothers in the study were taken from a population participating in methadone treatments, and randomly assigned to either control-training group therapy or warmth-training group therapy. The group therapy lasted for 24 weeks and the children and mothers completed assessments a total of seven times during the study. A total of 98 mother-child pairs participated all the way through the study. The authors’ hypotheses were that mothers who exhibited greater control over their children’s behavior while still allowing them to be autonomous would have children with fewer behavioral issues, and that mothers who exhibited warmth toward their children would have children who were better adjusted. The findings of the study proved that these assumptions were true, to a degree. Since all the data was self-reported, the mothers and children saw themselves differently. For instance, children who rated their mothers high on the parental control scale were not looked at by their mothers as having fewer problems, but the children’s self-report showed they had fewer problems with behavior. And, when both mothers and children rated the mothers high on the warmth scale, those children reported greater problems with internalizing behaviors such as depression. Obviously, children view their mothers differently than they view themselves; one reason for this could be that the mothers were trying to make changes in their parenting styles and the children were not yet responding in line with the parents’ changes. The randomized assignment of the

Civil Rights and African American Baseball Players

Civil Rights and African American Baseball Players How African Americans in Baseball Affected the Civil Rights Movement. 8th hour Segregation was the main core of what prevented African Americans from pursuing their dreams of being baseball players, up until a few very recognizable players influenced others to step in and help win freedom for playing baseball. All American baseball teams were consisting of mainly whites but some teams allowed African Americans into their teams up until 1890 when the National Association of Baseball rejected blacks from playing. This caused an uproar in the black community and lead to the creations of all black teams that would travel and play other all black teams and sometimes an all white team, like in 1888 when the Cuban Giants defeated the all white New Yorks 4 games of of a five game series. After many years of overwhelming segregation in the south many blacks moved up into the North where they sought the opportunity of creating their own league. In 1920, Rube Foster the owner of the Chicago American Giants brought other midwest teams together and created the first all bla ck league called the Negro Leagues.( Feature African-American Baseball. PBS. PBS, 2003. Web. 21 Apr. 2014.) The Negro Leagues had a very significant impact in the the entrance of blacks into the majors. After the first all black team was organized and the league was set up this opened up an opportunity for players to really show what they got. Before teams knew it they were winning championships. The first all African American league was starting to piece together. And with all this going on, one player had a goal set and that was to be the first black player in a white league. And that player is Jackie Robinson. In 1945 Jackie was the first black player to sign a formal contract with a white team. He took a big step into what led to the allowance of any black player to be in the majors. With the civil rights movement going on he endured hardships that no person could imagine, according to Duke Snider, He (Jackie Robinson) knew that the future of blacks in baseball depended on it. The pressure was enormous, overwhelming, and unbearable at times. I dont know how he held up. I know I never c ould have. By the end of his rookie career as a Dodger he was named rookie of the year, and as time went on all of his success of breaking the color barrier and becoming the first African American to get into the majors and accomplish many records. Even though Jackie is not around to see how the hardships he faced have made life on people today more easy, he is still remembered as the player who paved a path for our nation. The impact of not only Robinson but also Doby and Campy gave inspiration to Martin Luther King Jr. About a week before King died he stated, Youll never know how easy you and Jackie and Doby and Campy made it for me to do my job by what you did on the baseball field. Baseball was integrated before the army, before schools, and before many other things. It all happened without Jackie but someone had to be the first to step up and take a chance, and that was just what he did. (Bio.com. AE Networks Television, n.d. Web. 28 Apr. 2014.†) A few years before World War II, Max Manning had been pitching for the Newark Eagles as a phenomenal side armer. He never thought there would be a chance for him to go and become a pitcher on a white team. His thoughts change for a while when he was approached by an unfamiliar face, the coach of the Detroit Tigers. They were offering a tryout spot for pitching, but that changed when the rest of the team found out he was black. His Negro leagues career was interrupted as he was called into service during World War II. He then returned to pitch the final Negro Leagues World series where his team won. With all this going on Max never gave up and never really cared about what people cared about his color, he only cared about playing ball. After his baseball life was over he went back to school and decided to become a sixth grade teacher up until his death in in June of 2003. Feature African-American Baseball. PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.) Before Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier, ball players in Oklahoma had been playing in sandlot leagues and excelling in the sport. Willie Wells played in the sandlot â€Å"blackball† leagues all the way through his teen years in highschool as a shortstop. When he finally came up to the Negro leagues he became the best shortstop in the league. In 1997 he joined the Baseball hall of Fame. Along with Willie there were many other black players that had showed they were worthy of being in Baseballs Hall of Fame. In all there are about 18 players from the Negro Leagues in the Hall of Fame, and most had not been recognized till the 80s, all the way up to about 2002. The reason it took so long is because nobody really cared about blacks in baseball because they â€Å"never compared† to whites. After many years of segregation many white people started to gain respect for him, As Mickey Mantle said after one of the games BASEBALL, AFRICAN AMERICAN. BASEBALL, AFRICAN AMERICAN. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Mar. 2014 : After the game, Jackie Robinson came into our clubhouse and shook my hand. He said, Youre a helluva ballplayer and youve got a great future. I thought that was a classy gesture, one I wasnt then capable of making. I was a bad loser. What meant even more was what Jackie told the press, Mantle beat us. He was the difference between the two teams. They didnt miss DiMaggio . I have to admit, I became a Jackie Robinson fan on the spot. And when I think of that world Series, his gesture is what comes to mind. Here was a player who had without doubt suffered more abuse and more taunts and more hatred than any player in the history of the game. And he had made a special effort to compliment and encourage a young white kid from Oklahoma.(Jackie Robinson Quotes. Jackie Robinson Quotes. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2014.) As time progressed more and more people started to show respect for Jackie and others that helped integrate baseball and this gave a boost too other players, according to a statement by Hank Aaron In baseball, there is something electrifying about the big leagues. I had read so much about (Stan) Musial,(Ted) Williams and (Jackie) Robinson. I had put those guys on a pedestal. They were something special. I really thought they put their pants on different, rather than one leg at a time.(Hank Aaron Quotes. Hank Aaron Quotes. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 May 2014.) Near the end of World War II the attendance at Negro leagues took a major decline as the best players were called up into interleague which is the step right below major. With that happening the Negro leagues took a dip and fell apart. This lead to integration of blacks into baseball. What caused this greater decline was the focus of the fans only on the major players like Robinson and Doby. To gain more support teams called female players to stand at the gates just to attract more fans but in the end the players just kept on going to white teams. (Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 05 May 2014.) When people think about integration of baseball, they think Jackie Robinson, but thats not all of it. It took a whole community, a whole league just to earn a chance on an all white team. This was a team effort, the biggest step in baseball history started with one big contract to Jackie and the rest took off. Baseball was never the same, and today it isnt a struggle. Without this happening, today baseball probably wouldnt be what it is.

Animal testing

Animal Testing Animal testing is the act of using non-human animals in research, development projects or scientific experiments. Hundreds of millions of animals are being used annually for scientific research, but because some countries do not collect this data, the precise number will always be unknown. Many questions arise when talking about this Issue such as: Are there any cures that have resulted from animal testing, are humans superior to animals, and are there alternatives to this type of testing?Out of the many medical advancements that have resulted from animal testing, there are ten that strike me as very important to the survival of mankind. The first is Penicillin. Penicillin was tested on mice in the asses. By 1941, Penicillin was being used to treat dying soldiers. This research eventually won the Nobel Prize in 1945. The second Is blood transfusion. Blood transfusions have saved the lives of countless people and animals. The technique was developed when citrated blood was shown to be safe for transfusion in dogs in 1914.The third achievement was the first medicine for tuberculosis. About 100 years ago, tuberculosis was one of the most common causes of death. Nobel Prize-winning research on Guiana pigs in the asses led to the antibiotic streptomycin. The fourth was the Meningitis vaccine. These vaccines were developed In mice and have resulted in a huge fall In the disease. Previously many victims died or had amputations or organ damage. The fifth achievement Is the kidney transplant. Of the 5,000 people who develop kidney failure every year in the UK, one in three would die without a kidney transplant.Transplantation techniques were developed using dogs and pigs. The sixth is breast cancer. Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among women. Animal studies led to the development of attainment, one of the most successful treatments, and more recently Hermetic and aromas Inhibitors. The seventh achievement Is the asthma Inhaler. Asthma Is the common est serious childhood Illness and soul causes about 2,000 deaths a year In the ASK. Animal research was vital for the medicines in the inhalers seen in many schools today. The eighth is the polio vaccine.This advance alone has saved millions of lives. Forty years of research using monkeys and mice led to the introduction of the vaccine in the 1 sass. The ninth Is insulin for diabetes. Just another important achievement that saved millions of lives and won the Nobel Prize In 1923. The tenth and final achievement are Implants for Parkinson Disease. Research was carried out on experimental animals such as primates, which led to an electrical implant of Parkinson Disease. (Contribution). There are many alternatives to the use of animals in scientific experiments.Some of them are in vitro test methods and models based on human cell and tissue cultures, computerized patient-drug databases and virtual drug trails, computer models and simulations, stem cell and genetic testing methods, non- invasive Imaging techniques such as Mrs. and CT Scans, and Mollycoddling (In on the cellular level, without affecting the whole body system). Also the scientists and engineers at Harvard's Ways Institute have created â€Å"organs-on-a-chip,† including the lung-on-a-chip† and â€Å"gut-on-a-chip. † These tiny devices contain human cells in a 3- dimensional system that mimics human organs.The chips can be used–instead of animals–in disease research, drug testing, and toxicity testing. Some benefits of non- animal testing are that alternative scientific tests are often more reliable than animal tests, the use of human tissue in toxicity testing is more accurate than the animal models, Non-animal tests are more cost-effective, practical, and expedient, and cruelty free products are more environmentally friendly. Alternatives) There are specific pros and cons on animal testing that I found very interesting.Some pros are that it helps researchers to find drugs and treatments, improves human health, helps insure safety on drugs, and alternate methods of testing do not simulate humans in the same way. Some cons are that animals are killed or kept in captivity, some substances tested , may never be used for anything useful, it is very expensive, and animals and humans are never exactly the same. (Marijuana). There are numerous myths surrounding animal testing, and the unfortunate result is that people may form opinions based on uneducated facts. It is important to address some of the most common myths in hopes that people can make more informed decisions regarding animal testing. Some of these myths are that the use of animals is pointless because animals are different from people, laboratory animals experience horrific distress and suffering, side effects and distress experienced by animals are undetectable, which makes animal testing unreliable, researchers are tot concerned about animals or are indifferent to their care, the existen ce of alternative methods means that animals are unnecessary for testing, and the majority of animal testing is conducted for cosmetics development. Marijuana) Theses myths had me thinking. I wonder if people do not truly know the facts about animal testing. It seems that most people are listening to these myths rather than listen to an expert. Credible information is key to picking a side for a debated topic. I think I am going to argue that animal testing has both negative and positive effects. Animal Testing Is Animal Testing Wrong? Would you want to put your best four legged friend through torture to find out if something, such as lipstick, would okay for humans? I know, for sure, I would never want to put any animal through these horrible experiments. Most people think that animal testing is something we have to do in order to protect ourselves from new products. Which is not true, we would survive perfectly fine with the millions of products we have now. These beloved animals don’t deserve to put through such torture. Animal testing is costing many animals their lives and is costing many of us millions of dollars.More than 100 million animals, ranging from mice to monkeys, are suffering and dying in cruel chemical, drug, food and cosmetic tests, biology lessons, medical training exercises, and curiosity-driven medical experiments (â€Å"Animals Used for Experimentation†, n. d. ). All these animals can do is sit and wait for the pain, caused by the horrible procedures, to come their way. While the animals who were already tested on, are wishing the pain would just go away. Majority of the helpless creatures die because they lose minds caused by stress or fear.Many of the other animals die with no purpose of their life, because many of the substances will never see approval for consumption of humans. Also many animals have to be put down because they become so nervous that they start to become aggressive and then they have no use. â€Å"Animals Used for Experimentation† (n. d. ) states that in order to test cosmetics, household cleaning items, and other consumer products, hundreds of thousands of animals are poisoned, blinded, and killed every year by cruel corporations. This is only the major disagreement with the torture done to animals.One huge way the animals are tortured is that most of the experiment animals are breed and raised just to be sent to laboratories. In fact a lot of these animals are bought really young to help reduce the str ess of being in the cages in the labs. Therefore most of these animals have never got to know what grass feels or smells like. Most of the dogs have never played fetch with an owner. Most pregnant cats that are in animal shelters are bought by companies that test on animals. Therefore the kittens can be tested on by baby products or kept until they are a couple years old. â€Å"Animal Testing Facts† (n. . ) claims that every hour 2,000 cats and 3,500 dogs are born in labs all over the nation. Most importantly, none of these neglected animals have ever and will never know what it is like to be loved by a human or know what it is like to be rewarded by a human with a treat or a belly rub. The only things these animals think, about when a human comes by or to their cage, are that they have to duck down and hope they keep walking. They feel that when a human touches them, that means the pain is coming. Isn’t that the complete opposite purpose that these wonderful creatures are living with us?We are supposed to be the protector of the animals who can’t speak or defend themselves. We are supposed to be their best friends. Some of the experiments done on the animals are unbelievable! Mice and rats are forced to inhale toxic fumes, dogs are force-fed pesticides, and rabbits have corrosive chemicals rubbed onto their skin and eyes (â€Å"Animals used for Experimentation†, n. d. ). Many animals become so freaked out that they start to kill each other. They also will attack themselves, such as: pulling out their own hair or feathers, eating their own skin, or starving themselves to death.Some major companies that test on animals are: Gillette, they rub their products into rabbits’ eyes and then sit back and wait to see if they scream because the product is burning their eyes; Nair, they rub their products on the fur of many dogs and other furry animals; and Tide and Windex, also force feed and cover animals in their products. Those are just a few of the thousands of companies that test on animals. Many of the results found are unreliable because the animal could have easily died from one of the reasons I have already talked about.The results could also be unreliable because human bodies and animal bodies can have a different reaction or one may not even have a reaction at all to a certain product. One major disturbing thing about the reactions of animals I that most rabbits and other animals will get huge holes in their sides because a product will eat away at their skin and organs. Many other sad reactions that happen to the animals are that they could get seizures, and some forget what they are suppose to do such as drink water or eat their food.Even if animals have a bad reaction to certain products, some of these products will still go to market and be sold to the people. More than 100,000 people have been hospitalized and later died from toxic reactions to medications in 1994 that were not predicted by animal tests (â€Å"Animal Testing Facts, n. d. ). Most of families get tired of paying for expenses for their family pet or pets. Could you imagine having to pay for the food, housing, or care for the millions of animals? Or just paying for price of millions of animals? This is a lot of money that is wasted; animals are far from being cheap.Price is another major setback of animal testing. The price for the experiment animals, alone, has caused a lot of the United States’ financial debt. According to â€Å"Animals Used in Experimentations† (n. d. ) the Environmental Protection Agency, the Food and Drug Administration, the National Toxicology Program, and the Department of Agriculture are a couple of government agencies that subject animals to many painful and cruel experiments. Another interesting fact is that a big percent of the money that is wasted on animal testing comes from United State taxpayers.It is estimated that around $12 billion, of taxpayers’ money, is put toward animal testing. One way to help with the cost is to test animals are small animals only, not animals that cost or ones that require more care. There are many ways to help get rid of animal testing. The most effective thing to do is to stop buying the products that are from companies, who test on animals. This way they won’t be making any money on their products and therefore they won’t have the money to spend on more animals or the care for the hundreds of animals they already have.The main argue of why we need to have animal testing is that it helps researchers improve health issues and find new medicines. This is a good point but what is pointless about it is that a lot of the medicines are almost the same medicines that we have right now. Which would prove that we could live perfectly fine without different and/or new medicines. Another point that people, who are for animal testing, have is that they say it protects people from testing on other people, b ecause these tests could hurt or kill the person who is being tested on.This point is somewhat true but it does not help stop the people who are abused every day or the ones who are murdered. The last main argue for why we need animal testing is that it ensures the safety of the new products. The statement is barely even true, because most of the products that pass the animals could have a completely different reaction to a human. Like I said before, that animals are in an unfamiliar environment and they are so stressed that their bodies might not even have a reaction to a deadly substance.I hope that next time you put on some make up or take some pills to help get rid of a little headache, you will think about the hundreds loving animals that had to suffer for months or the animals that were killed, in order for you to have these small luxuries. The next time you pay taxes I hope you ask yourself if you money goes to help researchers torture millions of animals. When you think abou t all of the money we waste and all of the lives we steal away from animals, you will agree with me that we need to find a better way to test new products.Or we could hope that the scientists will be able to find a more humane way to test them on animals. References Animals used for experimentation. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 9, 2012, from http://www. peta. org/? issues/? animals-used-for-experimentation/? default2. aspx Animal testing facts. (n. d. ). Retrieved March 30, 2012, from http://www. animaltestingfacts. zoomshare. com/ Dixon, T. (2009, April 7). Animal experimentation. Retrieved March 29, 2012, from http://www. idebate. org/? debatabase/? topic_details. hp? topicID=7 Gerty. (2010, December 11). The pro’s and cons. Retrieved March 29, 2012, from http://levmm1. wordpress. com/? 2010/? 12/? 11/? the-pros-and-cons/ Murnaghan, I. (2011, July 1). Using animals for testing: pros versus cons. Retrieved March 27, 2012, from http://www. aboutanimaltesting. co. uk/? using-anim als-testing-pros-versus-cons. html Shandilya, R. (2011, December 16). Animal testing pros. Retrieved March 30, 2012, from http://www. buzzle. com/? articles/? animal-testing-pros. html Animal testing Animal Testing Animal testing is the act of using non-human animals in research, development projects or scientific experiments. Hundreds of millions of animals are being used annually for scientific research, but because some countries do not collect this data, the precise number will always be unknown. Many questions arise when talking about this Issue such as: Are there any cures that have resulted from animal testing, are humans superior to animals, and are there alternatives to this type of testing?Out of the many medical advancements that have resulted from animal testing, there are ten that strike me as very important to the survival of mankind. The first is Penicillin. Penicillin was tested on mice in the asses. By 1941, Penicillin was being used to treat dying soldiers. This research eventually won the Nobel Prize in 1945. The second Is blood transfusion. Blood transfusions have saved the lives of countless people and animals. The technique was developed when citrated blood was shown to be safe for transfusion in dogs in 1914.The third achievement was the first medicine for tuberculosis. About 100 years ago, tuberculosis was one of the most common causes of death. Nobel Prize-winning research on Guiana pigs in the asses led to the antibiotic streptomycin. The fourth was the Meningitis vaccine. These vaccines were developed In mice and have resulted in a huge fall In the disease. Previously many victims died or had amputations or organ damage. The fifth achievement Is the kidney transplant. Of the 5,000 people who develop kidney failure every year in the UK, one in three would die without a kidney transplant.Transplantation techniques were developed using dogs and pigs. The sixth is breast cancer. Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among women. Animal studies led to the development of attainment, one of the most successful treatments, and more recently Hermetic and aromas Inhibitors. The seventh achievement Is the asthma Inhaler. Asthma Is the common est serious childhood Illness and soul causes about 2,000 deaths a year In the ASK. Animal research was vital for the medicines in the inhalers seen in many schools today. The eighth is the polio vaccine.This advance alone has saved millions of lives. Forty years of research using monkeys and mice led to the introduction of the vaccine in the 1 sass. The ninth Is insulin for diabetes. Just another important achievement that saved millions of lives and won the Nobel Prize In 1923. The tenth and final achievement are Implants for Parkinson Disease. Research was carried out on experimental animals such as primates, which led to an electrical implant of Parkinson Disease. (Contribution). There are many alternatives to the use of animals in scientific experiments.Some of them are in vitro test methods and models based on human cell and tissue cultures, computerized patient-drug databases and virtual drug trails, computer models and simulations, stem cell and genetic testing methods, non- invasive Imaging techniques such as Mrs. and CT Scans, and Mollycoddling (In on the cellular level, without affecting the whole body system). Also the scientists and engineers at Harvard's Ways Institute have created â€Å"organs-on-a-chip,† including the lung-on-a-chip† and â€Å"gut-on-a-chip. † These tiny devices contain human cells in a 3- dimensional system that mimics human organs.The chips can be used–instead of animals–in disease research, drug testing, and toxicity testing. Some benefits of non- animal testing are that alternative scientific tests are often more reliable than animal tests, the use of human tissue in toxicity testing is more accurate than the animal models, Non-animal tests are more cost-effective, practical, and expedient, and cruelty free products are more environmentally friendly. Alternatives) There are specific pros and cons on animal testing that I found very interesting.Some pros are that it helps researchers to find drugs and treatments, improves human health, helps insure safety on drugs, and alternate methods of testing do not simulate humans in the same way. Some cons are that animals are killed or kept in captivity, some substances tested , may never be used for anything useful, it is very expensive, and animals and humans are never exactly the same. (Marijuana). There are numerous myths surrounding animal testing, and the unfortunate result is that people may form opinions based on uneducated facts. It is important to address some of the most common myths in hopes that people can make more informed decisions regarding animal testing. Some of these myths are that the use of animals is pointless because animals are different from people, laboratory animals experience horrific distress and suffering, side effects and distress experienced by animals are undetectable, which makes animal testing unreliable, researchers are tot concerned about animals or are indifferent to their care, the existen ce of alternative methods means that animals are unnecessary for testing, and the majority of animal testing is conducted for cosmetics development. Marijuana) Theses myths had me thinking. I wonder if people do not truly know the facts about animal testing. It seems that most people are listening to these myths rather than listen to an expert. Credible information is key to picking a side for a debated topic. I think I am going to argue that animal testing has both negative and positive effects. Animal testing Animal Testing Animal testing is the act of using non-human animals in research, development projects or scientific experiments. Hundreds of millions of animals are being used annually for scientific research, but because some countries do not collect this data, the precise number will always be unknown. Many questions arise when talking about this Issue such as: Are there any cures that have resulted from animal testing, are humans superior to animals, and are there alternatives to this type of testing?Out of the many medical advancements that have resulted from animal testing, there are ten that strike me as very important to the survival of mankind. The first is Penicillin. Penicillin was tested on mice in the asses. By 1941, Penicillin was being used to treat dying soldiers. This research eventually won the Nobel Prize in 1945. The second Is blood transfusion. Blood transfusions have saved the lives of countless people and animals. The technique was developed when citrated blood was shown to be safe for transfusion in dogs in 1914.The third achievement was the first medicine for tuberculosis. About 100 years ago, tuberculosis was one of the most common causes of death. Nobel Prize-winning research on Guiana pigs in the asses led to the antibiotic streptomycin. The fourth was the Meningitis vaccine. These vaccines were developed In mice and have resulted in a huge fall In the disease. Previously many victims died or had amputations or organ damage. The fifth achievement Is the kidney transplant. Of the 5,000 people who develop kidney failure every year in the UK, one in three would die without a kidney transplant.Transplantation techniques were developed using dogs and pigs. The sixth is breast cancer. Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among women. Animal studies led to the development of attainment, one of the most successful treatments, and more recently Hermetic and aromas Inhibitors. The seventh achievement Is the asthma Inhaler. Asthma Is the common est serious childhood Illness and soul causes about 2,000 deaths a year In the ASK. Animal research was vital for the medicines in the inhalers seen in many schools today. The eighth is the polio vaccine.This advance alone has saved millions of lives. Forty years of research using monkeys and mice led to the introduction of the vaccine in the 1 sass. The ninth Is insulin for diabetes. Just another important achievement that saved millions of lives and won the Nobel Prize In 1923. The tenth and final achievement are Implants for Parkinson Disease. Research was carried out on experimental animals such as primates, which led to an electrical implant of Parkinson Disease. (Contribution). There are many alternatives to the use of animals in scientific experiments.Some of them are in vitro test methods and models based on human cell and tissue cultures, computerized patient-drug databases and virtual drug trails, computer models and simulations, stem cell and genetic testing methods, non- invasive Imaging techniques such as Mrs. and CT Scans, and Mollycoddling (In on the cellular level, without affecting the whole body system). Also the scientists and engineers at Harvard's Ways Institute have created â€Å"organs-on-a-chip,† including the lung-on-a-chip† and â€Å"gut-on-a-chip. † These tiny devices contain human cells in a 3- dimensional system that mimics human organs.The chips can be used–instead of animals–in disease research, drug testing, and toxicity testing. Some benefits of non- animal testing are that alternative scientific tests are often more reliable than animal tests, the use of human tissue in toxicity testing is more accurate than the animal models, Non-animal tests are more cost-effective, practical, and expedient, and cruelty free products are more environmentally friendly. Alternatives) There are specific pros and cons on animal testing that I found very interesting.Some pros are that it helps researchers to find drugs and treatments, improves human health, helps insure safety on drugs, and alternate methods of testing do not simulate humans in the same way. Some cons are that animals are killed or kept in captivity, some substances tested , may never be used for anything useful, it is very expensive, and animals and humans are never exactly the same. (Marijuana). There are numerous myths surrounding animal testing, and the unfortunate result is that people may form opinions based on uneducated facts. It is important to address some of the most common myths in hopes that people can make more informed decisions regarding animal testing. Some of these myths are that the use of animals is pointless because animals are different from people, laboratory animals experience horrific distress and suffering, side effects and distress experienced by animals are undetectable, which makes animal testing unreliable, researchers are tot concerned about animals or are indifferent to their care, the existen ce of alternative methods means that animals are unnecessary for testing, and the majority of animal testing is conducted for cosmetics development. Marijuana) Theses myths had me thinking. I wonder if people do not truly know the facts about animal testing. It seems that most people are listening to these myths rather than listen to an expert. Credible information is key to picking a side for a debated topic. I think I am going to argue that animal testing has both negative and positive effects. Animal Testing Is Animal Testing Wrong? Would you want to put your best four legged friend through torture to find out if something, such as lipstick, would okay for humans? I know, for sure, I would never want to put any animal through these horrible experiments. Most people think that animal testing is something we have to do in order to protect ourselves from new products. Which is not true, we would survive perfectly fine with the millions of products we have now. These beloved animals don’t deserve to put through such torture. Animal testing is costing many animals their lives and is costing many of us millions of dollars.More than 100 million animals, ranging from mice to monkeys, are suffering and dying in cruel chemical, drug, food and cosmetic tests, biology lessons, medical training exercises, and curiosity-driven medical experiments (â€Å"Animals Used for Experimentation†, n. d. ). All these animals can do is sit and wait for the pain, caused by the horrible procedures, to come their way. While the animals who were already tested on, are wishing the pain would just go away. Majority of the helpless creatures die because they lose minds caused by stress or fear.Many of the other animals die with no purpose of their life, because many of the substances will never see approval for consumption of humans. Also many animals have to be put down because they become so nervous that they start to become aggressive and then they have no use. â€Å"Animals Used for Experimentation† (n. d. ) states that in order to test cosmetics, household cleaning items, and other consumer products, hundreds of thousands of animals are poisoned, blinded, and killed every year by cruel corporations. This is only the major disagreement with the torture done to animals.One huge way the animals are tortured is that most of the experiment animals are breed and raised just to be sent to laboratories. In fact a lot of these animals are bought really young to help reduce the str ess of being in the cages in the labs. Therefore most of these animals have never got to know what grass feels or smells like. Most of the dogs have never played fetch with an owner. Most pregnant cats that are in animal shelters are bought by companies that test on animals. Therefore the kittens can be tested on by baby products or kept until they are a couple years old. â€Å"Animal Testing Facts† (n. . ) claims that every hour 2,000 cats and 3,500 dogs are born in labs all over the nation. Most importantly, none of these neglected animals have ever and will never know what it is like to be loved by a human or know what it is like to be rewarded by a human with a treat or a belly rub. The only things these animals think, about when a human comes by or to their cage, are that they have to duck down and hope they keep walking. They feel that when a human touches them, that means the pain is coming. Isn’t that the complete opposite purpose that these wonderful creatures are living with us?We are supposed to be the protector of the animals who can’t speak or defend themselves. We are supposed to be their best friends. Some of the experiments done on the animals are unbelievable! Mice and rats are forced to inhale toxic fumes, dogs are force-fed pesticides, and rabbits have corrosive chemicals rubbed onto their skin and eyes (â€Å"Animals used for Experimentation†, n. d. ). Many animals become so freaked out that they start to kill each other. They also will attack themselves, such as: pulling out their own hair or feathers, eating their own skin, or starving themselves to death.Some major companies that test on animals are: Gillette, they rub their products into rabbits’ eyes and then sit back and wait to see if they scream because the product is burning their eyes; Nair, they rub their products on the fur of many dogs and other furry animals; and Tide and Windex, also force feed and cover animals in their products. Those are just a few of the thousands of companies that test on animals. Many of the results found are unreliable because the animal could have easily died from one of the reasons I have already talked about.The results could also be unreliable because human bodies and animal bodies can have a different reaction or one may not even have a reaction at all to a certain product. One major disturbing thing about the reactions of animals I that most rabbits and other animals will get huge holes in their sides because a product will eat away at their skin and organs. Many other sad reactions that happen to the animals are that they could get seizures, and some forget what they are suppose to do such as drink water or eat their food.Even if animals have a bad reaction to certain products, some of these products will still go to market and be sold to the people. More than 100,000 people have been hospitalized and later died from toxic reactions to medications in 1994 that were not predicted by animal tests (â€Å"Animal Testing Facts, n. d. ). Most of families get tired of paying for expenses for their family pet or pets. Could you imagine having to pay for the food, housing, or care for the millions of animals? Or just paying for price of millions of animals? This is a lot of money that is wasted; animals are far from being cheap.Price is another major setback of animal testing. The price for the experiment animals, alone, has caused a lot of the United States’ financial debt. According to â€Å"Animals Used in Experimentations† (n. d. ) the Environmental Protection Agency, the Food and Drug Administration, the National Toxicology Program, and the Department of Agriculture are a couple of government agencies that subject animals to many painful and cruel experiments. Another interesting fact is that a big percent of the money that is wasted on animal testing comes from United State taxpayers.It is estimated that around $12 billion, of taxpayers’ money, is put toward animal testing. One way to help with the cost is to test animals are small animals only, not animals that cost or ones that require more care. There are many ways to help get rid of animal testing. The most effective thing to do is to stop buying the products that are from companies, who test on animals. This way they won’t be making any money on their products and therefore they won’t have the money to spend on more animals or the care for the hundreds of animals they already have.The main argue of why we need to have animal testing is that it helps researchers improve health issues and find new medicines. This is a good point but what is pointless about it is that a lot of the medicines are almost the same medicines that we have right now. Which would prove that we could live perfectly fine without different and/or new medicines. Another point that people, who are for animal testing, have is that they say it protects people from testing on other people, b ecause these tests could hurt or kill the person who is being tested on.This point is somewhat true but it does not help stop the people who are abused every day or the ones who are murdered. The last main argue for why we need animal testing is that it ensures the safety of the new products. The statement is barely even true, because most of the products that pass the animals could have a completely different reaction to a human. Like I said before, that animals are in an unfamiliar environment and they are so stressed that their bodies might not even have a reaction to a deadly substance.I hope that next time you put on some make up or take some pills to help get rid of a little headache, you will think about the hundreds loving animals that had to suffer for months or the animals that were killed, in order for you to have these small luxuries. The next time you pay taxes I hope you ask yourself if you money goes to help researchers torture millions of animals. When you think abou t all of the money we waste and all of the lives we steal away from animals, you will agree with me that we need to find a better way to test new products.Or we could hope that the scientists will be able to find a more humane way to test them on animals. References Animals used for experimentation. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 9, 2012, from http://www. peta. org/? issues/? animals-used-for-experimentation/? default2. aspx Animal testing facts. (n. d. ). Retrieved March 30, 2012, from http://www. animaltestingfacts. zoomshare. com/ Dixon, T. (2009, April 7). Animal experimentation. Retrieved March 29, 2012, from http://www. idebate. org/? debatabase/? topic_details. hp? topicID=7 Gerty. (2010, December 11). The pro’s and cons. Retrieved March 29, 2012, from http://levmm1. wordpress. com/? 2010/? 12/? 11/? the-pros-and-cons/ Murnaghan, I. (2011, July 1). Using animals for testing: pros versus cons. Retrieved March 27, 2012, from http://www. aboutanimaltesting. co. uk/? using-anim als-testing-pros-versus-cons. html Shandilya, R. (2011, December 16). Animal testing pros. Retrieved March 30, 2012, from http://www. buzzle. com/? articles/? animal-testing-pros. html