Development of Global Managers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Development of Global Managers - Research Paper ExampleThe companies now need strategical capabilities in three major phone line areas including world(a) scale efficiency, local responsiveness and capability of leveraging worldwide. The notion of global manager is not rattling new however it has got momentum is recent time when the business world altogether over globe are witnessing the transformational changed led by the technology advancements. The opinion of global managers has evolved over the time with the expectation of fulfilment of these objectives however, it is also a fact that no single global manager could perform all of these tasks for a business and generally group of specialized managers is developed for the management of company matters worldwide (Steers, et al, 2010). . The development of global managers is an important issue for the companies operating planetaryly because the global managers are made and not born. The development of the global managers appear s to be foremost question for the corporate managers because they have to assure that the right person has got the right planning and capabilities to work at the right place for generating the desired results. The concept of global managers is not very new and since the development of the notion there is extensive seek work conducted around the topic in order to explore the issue from various perspectives (Bartlett and Ghoshal 2003). It has been unveiled that mainly these used to be three types of global managers including business manager, country manager and functional manager. The global business or product division manager has the responsibility to build efficiency and competitiveness of the company all around the world by recognizing cross border opport social unities and risks. The country managers work as building block for worldwide operations of the company by providing detail understanding and interpretation of local markets and building local capabilities and resources . The third type of global manager is worldwide functional specialist that transfers the expertise from one unit to another and works for leverage learning, generation of good ideas and best business practice of the companies (Kediaa and Mukherji, 1999). Development of Global Managers Current Issues The international business operations lead constructing internationally competent workforces that must be comprise of the people having adequate information about the business. This requirement is also fulfilled by the global managers that are expected to be highly flexible and open minded. The building of such aggroup is not a simple task and sometimes the companies take age to come up with the team of perfectly chosen global managers to organize their worldwide operations in adequate manner (Steers, et al, 2010). It is now impossible for the transnational companies to consult and reply upon single manager or specialist for effective management of their operations in any country bec ause they must have team of global managers with multicultural experience so that they could recognize the cultural differences affecting the business activities and communication as well as working relationship within the company (McNally and Parry, 2000). Traditionally the businesses use to reply upon single country managers or expert for the management of the cross border business matters however, the increased trend of international business has changed the situation and the companies are required to give special attention towards allocation of management duties to competent

Service quality of Fine Dining Restaurant Essay

Service quality of Fine Dining Restaurant - Essay ExampleFrom the collected data, it was evident that the primary(prenominal) factors considered by the customers in terms of service quality revolved around four subjects. These areas of concern are the physical appearance of the place, the kind of food offered, the soma of foods in the menu, the type of service provided by the staff, and the pricing of the food. Most of the respondents found something positive about the physical appearance, considering it was a fine dining restaurant. On the separate hand, the service of the staff and the quality of the food served received a lot of criticism from the customers as they did not meet their expectations. As such, appropriate recommendations were made at the end of the research that would assist the restaurant in meeting customer expectations and retaining its economic competitiveness.A lot of research has been carried out in the field of cordial reception (Lane, 2014). According to R ush (2008), it has been noted that many industry players are no longer concentrating on the speed at which they expand their hospitality companies and jobes, but at the rate at which they meet customer expectations. There has been a great need for maintaining customers in restaurants following the rapid increase of fine dining restaurants, and the signalize winner is the level of service quality.It is important to identify the fact that customers perception of the service quality of a business determines the level to which they are satisfied. Therefore, a business should be careful in setting the customer perceptions as they affect their expectations. The level to which these expectations are met determines the service quality of a place through every satisfaction or dissatisfaction of a customer. These two states are quantified from the experience of a client in the business through incidents that they undergo (Ford, Sturman, & Heaton, 2012).The critical incidents technique is e mploy to identify these experiences for individual customers. It is

Do silver ions kill bacteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Do ash gray ions kill bacteria - Essay Example& Etris, S.F. 1997 p.107-114).The mechanism of inhibition performed by silver ions on bacteria was analysed utilize gram-positive Straphylococcus aureus and gram negative E.coli by treating with AgNO3 and was analysed using a combined X-ray microanalysis and electron microscopy. Both S.aureus and E.coli cadres exhibited similar morphological changes after silver treatment. The cell wall of the bacteria detached the cytoplasm membrane and a remarkable electron-light area surfaced in the middle of the cells that contained condensed DNA molecules. Several electron dense granules were as well as found deposited inside the cell or surrounding the cell wall. The presence of elements of sulphur and silver in cytoplasm and electron dense granules detected by X-ray microanalysis revealed the antibacterial actions of silver. The protein became inactivated and DNA lost its ability to replicate after the treatment of silver (Feng et al 2000 p.662 -668).The anti-bacterial action of silver is based on the going of silver (Ag+ ions) that act by displacing essential ions of metals such as Zn+ or Ca2+. A study by Dowling et al using anti-bacterial silver coating deposited on heat sensitive polymeric substrates deploying a combination of neutral atom beam and magnetron sputtering indicates that platinum can be used to maturation the release of Ag+ ions from the silver coating. In a galvanic setting platinum exhibits enhanced activity than silver and therefore platinum enhances silver ion defining during the galvanic action. The analysis of bacterial adhesion and bactericidal reaction on coated polymers using straphylococcus epidermidis reveals that the addition of 1% platinum significantly increases the anti-bacterial effectiveness of silver coatings. For every 5 nm thick Ag/1% Platinum coatings on silicone, up to a two log reduction in bacterial adhesion is achieved that did not show cytotoxicity (Dowling et al. 2003

Recidivism Rates and Trends Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Recidivism Rates and Trends - Research Paper ExampleHe/she is supposed to be convicted again. A nonher reason for re-imprisonment results from the violation of parole or supervision practices as set out in the policies. Recidivism rate can be reduced by a successful integration of inmates into the society after their release from prison. accord to the president of John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Jeremy Travis, reintegration entails the connection of released prisoners and the community and the families they are returning to. According to the Second Chance Act of 2007, the released prisoners have the same right as the general population with regard to accessibility of social and economic resources and the exercise of their genteel rights like voting and should not be victimized or discriminated. Support of the re-entering inmates by the broader community enhances their integration into the community smoothly. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, (2000), it is estimat ed that close to 1600 state and federal prisoners are released into the community in a day. Though the prisoners anticipate this day when they get their freedom fend for, most of them are faced with vast challenges of living in liberty in the streets after moving out of prison. Challenges faced by re-entering prisoners are caused by lack of proper integration mechanisms of the prisoners back in the society especially for those who have spent a lot of years in prison. Such prisoners have been detached from the community and are not prepared for their life back in the society. Stigmatization of ex-convicts poses problems of getting employment, housing and rejection from families and relative. Such people are more likely to engage in reoffending in substance abuse and inappropriate behaviors which affect the healthy life of the ex-convict and lead to rearrests. The cycles of removal and return of person in prison increase the costs of maintaining and outpouring the correctional inst itutions which burden the public through tax (Beck, 2000).

Pearl Harbour Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

drop curtain Harbour Paper - Essay ExampleDuring this attack, well 2,400 the Statesns lost their lives. Japanese sources confirmed that they barely lost less than 70 service men (Hixson 103). After these attacks, the future of Japan remained on the balance collect to possible retaliations by US and its European allies. This essay will check up on the implication of the attacks on America and the Japanese empire. The essay will also investigate how the attack inspired America into joining World War II. Japan had aggressive interests in Asia and therefore it considered America as a major threat. beforehand the attacks, America had established strong military bases in the pacific off the coast of Japan that were intended to protect American interest in Asia and the pacific. skillful before Japan carried out the attacks, the US navy posed a major threat to the Japanese interests on Dutch Indies and Malaya. Japan was intending to invade the ii regions due to the availability of n atural resources such as oil and rubber. The surprise attacks on the US military bases were therefore, meant to neutralize US power in the pacific and pave way for Japanese advancement. The Japanese decision to carry out the attack was wise and tactical. This is because America was overwhelming Japan with its continued invasion of eastern territories. America had occupied or controlled all territories that were of Japanese interest. These included the Philippines, Dutch Indies and chinaware. The attack was the easiest way that Japan could have applied to divert Americas attention concerning its occupation of Pacific territories. America was exporting oil to Japan before the Japanese decided to attack the Pearl Harbor, this was a tactical manner of controlling Japan. America could not conduct a direct occupation of Japan as it had done in other territories. Oil exportation was the only method that the US could have applied to control Japan (Hixson 123). This is evident from most n egotiations that were conducted in the midst of the two powers. When Japan intended to invade French Indochina, America threatened Japan with withdrawal of oil export. This indicates that Japan really needed to break away from overdependence on American oil. Japan was also experiencing a great expansion in its industrial and military sector. The country therefore needed uncontrolled supplies of oil and other raw materials. If Japan had not invaded US induction at the Pearl Harbor, it would never become an energy fissiparous nation. The US stopped exporting oil to Japan in 1941 following Japanese expansions into china that were motivated by the pearl harbor attacks. After the US ceased its oil exports, Japan looked for other alternatives to get its oil supplies and its long journey of becoming an independent nation in terms of energy. Competition over dominance also made the US and Japan to become major rivals. Analysts believe that rivalry between Japan and the US had reached a breaking point even before Japan carried out its attacks on the US facilities. Japanese provocative moves in China and Philippines had made the US to secretly plan for war against Japan. Although the US was getting ready for war against Japan, they never believed that Japan would have interests in attacking the Pearl Harbor. If Japan had not attacked the Pearl Harbor, the US could have used the facility to carryout offensive on Japanese soil. In such case

Considerations for Child Development - Middle Childhood Essay Example for Free

Considerations for Child Development Middle Childhood EssayPhysical tuition is concerned with the biological changes of the torso and the brain. It includes genetics, a foetuss growth in the mothers womb, the birth process, brain development and the acquisition of fine motor skills it to a fault encompasses behaviours that gain and impede health and environmental factors that influence strong-arm growth. (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 5). I have chosen to evaluate the visible developmental stage of middle electric shaverhood, tikeren the ages of six to x years of age.This essay discusses the considerations for bodily development and how it poop be supported in the learning environment. It will look at motor development and its influences, the benefits of physical action mechanism, and the consequences of in body process. How a educatees physical development can facilitate or restrict development in other aras, and how we can support the physical needs and development o f students.Read muchFactors that influence child development essayGener totallyy, children will develop their motor skills at them same time in life, however there are other factors that influence this development e. . a childs environmental influences, (nurture) and also inherited characteristics and tendencies (nature). There are many an(prenominal) things a teacher can do to facilitate a students basic cognitive process, they can servicing children salary tending to things that are important for them to remember e. g. completing home utilisation tasks, throwing litter in the bin, raising their hand and waiting before they speak in class. Introducing new information to the students animate knowledge will friend them to continue to improve and learn.In middle childhood, children start to improve further on their fine motor skills, their handwriting becomes smaller, drum sander and more consistent, and they will also start to participate in such fine motor activities as sewi ng, model building and arts and crafts projects. They will also intensify their speed, and coordination in running kicking, catching and dribbling. (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 161) In the case of infants and young children, teachers should try to supply a variety of sensory experiences, to facilitate a students motor development.It is very important to gain a balance of physical activity as well as class room work for a profound all round child of this age group. Regular physical activity can benefit students by actually increasing their attention to more cognitively demanding tasks (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 172), in most cases if a child has a chance to be active and move around, they may be better able-bodied to prepare and settle into their theory work. Sport is another way that physical activity can benefit children. During Middle Childhood children begin to be more interested and start to excel in sport and athletics.Both organised and individual sports can be a good way t o help plead and enhance a childs physical strength, endurance and agility. It can also promote brotherly development by fostering communication, cooperation, and leadership skills (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 171). The earthly concern is that appearance is influential in social relationships, and it does affect how children feel about themselves (Chu, 2000 Dohnt Tiggermann, 2006b Harter, 1999. ). Regular physical activity can help improve a childs fitness, and help to maintain their weight and physical appearance, therefore making them feel better about themselves.Prolonged inactivity can result in weight gain, therefore effecting a students social emotional development. Being overweight or obese is a serious health lay on the line in childhood. It predicts health problems in adulthood (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 189). Prolonged inactivity can cause lack of motivation and a decline in a childs self-confidence. This is particularly important as during Middle Childhood, children start to develop friendships and internalise many of societys rules and prohibitions (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 29).If a child fails to be physically active on a regular basis, e. g. staying indoors and watching television or playing computer games all day, it can restrict them from being social and forming important relationships and friendships. Prolonged physical inactivity can also affect a childs concentration and participation during learning tasks. Over a period of time this could result in poor academic results. During middle childhood, children place great emphasis on the development of their own physical exponent (parenting and child health, http/www. cyh. com/HealthTopics).It is important as a teacher to try to focus on a students individual needs, encourage them to compete against themselves kind of than their peers this will help promote good self-confidence and will have an all-round good effect on other areas of their development. The rate of development differs i ntimately with differences partly the result of genetic diversity (nature), and partly a result of personal choices and environment (nurture) (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 176). If a child is brought up in an environment that promotes healthy eating and exercise they will generally be in better physical state of health.Physical development can also promote social-emotional development by fostering communication cooperation and leadership skills (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 171) this can affect the child by making them feel more confident, motivated and be better alert to form social relationships. However, for a child who does not have regular access to a healthy fast and a safe place for physical activity, this can lead to weight gain and obesity therefore restricting their social-emotional development, lowering their self-esteem, motivation and restricting their ability to form social relationship and friendships.A childs motor skills can also be restricted by a lack of environment al support, if they are not provided with ample fortune to practice their motor skills, whether it be through organised sport activities, or regular practice with mum or dad, they can fall behind on mastering these skills and allowing more complex skills to emerge (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 176). It is important for a child to have a good balance both in school and at home and in their community, with both learning and physical activities.Physical activity is essential for children, you can help to facilitate this by being pro-active, trying to provide frequent opportunities for students to be physically active through the day, e. g. break up theory work with a few minutes of physical movement, this will help them to better concentrate on the next learning task. Aim to make exercise challenging, but enjoyable, change team members around frequently to ensure all students are equally participating and try to provide all children with a role.Providing a safe environment and ensuring children use appropriate equipment for their age will help to minimise the risk of injury (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 185). In the case of a teacher having a student with special needs, providing they have permission, they should educate the other students on their check up on and explain the nature of the disability this will help the other children to be more accepting. There are many things a teacher can do to accommodate and support the physical needs and development of students.It is important to encourage both child to participate in all activities to the fullest extent possible, in a practice called inclusion children with special needs joined their non-disabled peers in everyday school activities (Logan, Alberto, Kana Waylor-Bowen, 1994 Sailsbury, Evans, Palombaro, 1997). Engaging with parents and guardians can help give a teacher discernment and suggestions into any adjustments that would help the child participate more fully in activities (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 18 5).In middle childhood, children are increasingly comparing and often critical of themselves and their peers, a teacher should try to focus on and meet a students individual needs and aim for them to be competitive with themselves, rather than their peers e. g. aiming to retick their personal best score or time. This will help boost their confidence and give them a drive to do better next time. attentive attention to childrens physical needs can enhance childrens health, well-being, and ability to focus on their schoolwork.Such short-term effects pay dividends for upcoming health, because good habits in childhood pave the way to health living later in life (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 186). It is always important for a teacher to pay such close attention to the childrens needs due to the fact that the impact of either class room learning or physical activity can both heavily shape their futures, or take from their quality of life in the future.In summary, for the Middle Childhood developmental stage that has been selected for the mark of this assignment, there are many considerations for physical development and how the physical needs of students in the learning environment can be accommodated. A teacher can promote self esteem and self-confidence making and engage with parents and guardians in order to successfully aid the child.Children can display a decline in self-confidence this can be identified particularly in a child who does not have regular access to a healthy diet and a safe place for physical activity. It is therefore paramount to a childs development that a teacher does actively encourage every child to participate in all activities to the fullest extent possible. It is in the best interest of the children for the teacher to incorporate a healthy balance of physical activity in with academic activity.

Time Management and Productivity Essay Example for Free

measure Management and Productivity EssayContext of the problem. while controlment is a term affaird to refer to the events that individuals follow in order to better their conviction usage. It refers to the principles and systems that people make use of in order to make conscious(p) decisions about the activities that give occupy their time. Concerns about time usage open a longer history. Effective people manage their time properly. People who atomic number 18 equal to manage their time properly ar high achievers in everything they pursue. In www.learndirect. problem.co.uk/campaigns/finances05/glossary/ time management is defined as the development of tools and processes that die to an increase in a businesss time efficiency. People who be neat time managers are self-starters, organized and do not procrastinate. epoch management is usually seen as a concept of balance. eon management in http//www.wisegeek.com/what-time-management.htm is defined as the ability to b e fit to arrange, organize, schedule and cypher personal time with an aim of producing useful take shape and productiveness. According to http//www.articlealley.com/article-28248-24.html at that place are various advantages that are associated with time management in our daily endeavors. sentence management has got many advantages.It influences reduction of stock, gaining of more time to carry out your tasks and reduces the chances of avoiding some tasks which are meant to be carried out. It in any boldness helps in eliminating cramming. Time management is similarly a motivator when carrying out tasks, this is because the tasks allow always be ready at the time they are required. It also helps in avoiding procrastination.To be adequate to manage your time successfully the management of enterprises should set up goods which acquires to be frontitized in order to know which tasks lack to be completed at what time. (Covey, 1990) asserts that to be a good time manager, as sets sine qua non to be enhanced and promoted. He suggested the four dimensions of nature which help in managing time effectively.According to http//learnsmallbusiness.wordpress.com/2006/03/11/are-you-content-with-your-time-management-skills-7-reasons-why-you-must-have-a-to-do-list/ nifty time management gives individuals chances of developing a timetable which suits their tasks at their tasks at their respective places. Good time management is a saver of health as it reduces stress which may come along due to unaccomplished tasks. According to http//www.gradresources.org/articles/time_management.shtml a schedule should be utilized which outlines all the activities to surviveher with the time they get out be performed.The plan schedule should always be changed to match the changing activities and also prioritize the activities. Prioritizing enables the completion of tasks at the time they are required. In order to achieve good time management one need not to multitask because i t go away consume a lot of time. Once you have the timetable it should be followed as it appears hence avoiding skipping of activities which have already been scheduled for.People who do not manage their time thus lacking a time management plan suffer from insomnia, deteriorating health and other discomforting issues. They may even be divorced by their spouses because they do not spend time with them. Effects of myopic time management hazard not only you but also people around you.Time management reduces cost as the saying goes that time is money. It grants you to use the minimum cost possible in every activity that one may go through. It helps reduce the anxious nature of being when they have not through their tasks accordingly.Time management enhances discipline and efficiency in terms of completing the tasks at hand. It also allows prudence to be a key guider in performing tasks. Time management has also its own problems which have to be pass aroundt with for a business ente rprise to be successful. The problems ranges from stress, anxiety and feeling overwhelmed. We become anxious when we realize that there many things that need to be done and we are not able to handle them.(Bly, 1999) claims that when we are not capable of dealing with the present tasks of that need to be handled due to the fact that time is running out we become stressed.We get overwhelmed when there are too many demands that need our time and attention. Also when we are faced with large new projects or tasks and there is no clarify on what need to be done, how, when and where. This is because we cannot be able to take the first principal(prenominal) step. Lack of proper organization of our activities take a lot of our time thus wasting our time which could have been used to better and constructive tasks. in that location are therefore various ways in which time management can affect the productivity of our activities hence those of business enterprises. There is therefore the need to evaluate the impacts that time management would have on productivity, so that we can be able to stop them if they are severe to the business enterprise or encourage them if they are advantageous to the business.The purpose of the explore get a line ordain be to evaluate the impacts that time management have in the productivity of the squawk snapper workers in the telecom industry. Time management is believed to be essential in the success and prosperity of each an every organization. It is said to be the stepping stone pit for success. Good time management achieves high results in terms of profits and the production of products that a company maybe producing.It therefore becomes important to evaluate the impacts time manage may have in the productivity of workers in their respective areas of work. The research translate will deal with the harbinger centre workers in the telecommunication industry.Problem statementTime management has an impact on the productivity of busin ess enterprises. A review of academic and professional books have emphasized the need of time management in our daily endeavors be it school work, business activities or our personal activities. They have outlined the importance of formulating a timetable which will work as a guideline in our daily tasks. For time management to be effective, many have suggested the various ways to do it hence the need to evaluate which are the most effective tools, strategies and techniques that can be utilized in order to have high productivity in business enterprises.Time management has got it own reasons as outlined in http//ezinearticle.com/?Reasons-why-we-Have-To-value-Time-Managementid=506366 hence the need to evaluate the impact that time management has on business enterprises. Time is considered to be gold. No one phone fors to loose gold, therefore time should be managed well because it will never come back, once a minute have march on it does not return.Good results in terms of duties a nd responsibilities will come forth every time individuals manage their time well. It also gives fulfillment because it enhances our ability to notice what is valuable and should be given more attention. It allows one to achieve a greater social life after a busy day of functional and full accomplishment of all activities. The above reasons have emphasized why time management is important hence the need to evaluate its impacts on business enterprises whether positive or negative.Research questionsThe purpose of this research study is to determine how time management impacts productivity of call centre workers in telecommunication industry. wedge heel questions1. What are the problems faced by the workers in managing their time?2. What are the tools that workers use to manage their time effectively?3. What are the impacts of poor time management?4. Does effective time management add benefits to the telecommunication industry?5. What is productivity?Significance of the studyThis res earch study will be of help to the call centre workers in many telecommunication industries because they will be able to know which problems they are likely to encounter while managing their time. This will enable them to be able to evade from them in which ever way possible as well as clear-sighted how to cope or deal with the problems that they are likely to encounter.The call centre workers in a telecommunication industry will also get to know which tools they can employ in order to be able to manage their time properly. By the call centre workers realizing which tools to use they will be able to achieve high results in their work hence the productivity of the company will increase.By bringing out the effects and impacts of time management, the workers will benefit from the research study because they will try as a lot as possible to manage their time so that they do not feel the effects of it on their work. The management of companies by knowing the impacts and effects of poor time management will be able to campaign and urge their workers to manage time properly. They will also put the necessary measures that will allow the worker to be able to manage time effectively.The research study will evaluate whether time management has its own benefits both to the workers and the company. The workers by knowing the benefits they are entitled to as a result of time management will try to their level best to effectively manage their time. The research study will also help the companies because after knowing the benefits that are a result of proper time management the will educate their workers by organizing seminars, debates etc on how to manage time so that they can be able to acquire the benefits of time management. The research study will be of help to many companies which want to maximize on time management.Research Design and MethodologyThe research design that will be employed in this research study is case study. The case in this research study will be two telecommunication companies where by their call centre workers will become the subject of study. They will be studied in depth in order to give the most reliable information which will allow for generalizations to be do.Call nerve workers in these two companies will be the objects of study. They will be studied in depth to help reveal the problems that are faced by them when they are trying to manage time in order to achieve productivity. They will also be studied so as to give information on the tools that they use in managing their time. They will also reveal what they feel are the impacts of time management in the productivity of a telecommunication company. They will also give reliable information on whether time management adds any benefits to the telecommunication industry.Instruments of selective information collectionData collection is the gathering of information to which will offer critical evaluation to the research questions. They are many and are chosen depending of their sensibleity and reliability. This according to http//ohoiline.osu.edu/b868/pdf/b868.pdfThe methods which one has chosen should offer the best say to the research questions. Also in selecting the data collection procedures or methods one need to consider how the information gathered will be organized, analyzed as well as interpreted. The gathered information should be reported to the various audiences. The research study will utilize the following data collection procedures.a. represent to Face interviewsThis is oral administration of an interview schedule. To obtain accurate information a researcher needs to establish friendly relationships between the respondent prior to conduct on interview.The face to face interview will be administered because of the following1. They provide in depth data, which cannot be hoard by use of questionnaires.2. It will be possible to obtain data required to meet the objectives of the research study.3. They are flexible because they allow fo llow up of an aspect as it gets raised in the course of the interview.4. They guard against confusing questions because they give a room for clarification.b. QuestionnairesIt is a list of questions that will be asked to the respondents in order to get the desired data. They may be structured or unstructured. They will be used in this research study because1. They are easy to administer.2. They are stinting in terms of money.3. Their responses may give an insight to the background motivation, feelings and interests.c. ObservationObservation is where by the researcher utilizes check list and records what he/she observes during data collection. The researcher in this case observes the behavior and how it occurs. Observation will be used in this research study because1. It enhances accuracy because the researcher himself or herself observes what exactlyhappens and does not depend on what the respondent has to say.2. Observation can be used alongside other instruments or procedures of co llecting data e.g. Interviews.3. It can be done repeatedly thus increasing its level of accuracy. reliability and validity of the research instrumentsAccording to http//www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR8-4/golafshani.pdf reliability and validity have got their roots in positivist perspective. Reliability of instruments in data collection determines the appropriateness of the research instruments for particular study. It tells how well the instruments managed or failed to measure what they were supposed to measure.To test the reliability of the instruments, the research study will conduct a pretest study where the original interview schedules, questionnaires and observation schedules will be administered to selected persons in the sample. Validity ensures that what an instrument claims to measure has been measured. To ensure that the instruments are valid advice will be sought to experts in the area. Based on the comments that will be given as well as guidelines adjustments will be made before the final version of the interview schedule, questionnaire and observation schedule will be administered.Population of the StudyThe population of the study will be call centre workers in two telecommunication industries. Since they are many and it will take a lot of time to access and study them, they will be randomly selected using simple random sampling technique to obtain a number of 90 respondents only. From this sample data will be collected to help answer the questions addressed by the research study. Simple random sampling technique will be chosen because it ensures that the population is representative.Data summaryThe data that will be collected will be analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. This is because descriptive statistics will help in summarizing the data while the inferential statistics will help infer the sample results to the general population of the study.Organization of the studyChapter OneIn chapter one the research study will explain the contex t of the problem in details and give a detailed statement of the problem that the research study will deal with. The objectives, purpose, research questions, sub questions and the hypotheses will be stated clearly. The scope that the research study will cover will be stated together with the limitations that will be encountered during the research study.Chapter TwoThe second chapter will deal with literature review where by literature that is related to the research study will be evaluated to give various trends that may exist which will be helpful in the research study.Chapter ThreeIt will basically deal with the methodology of the research study. It will deal with the research design the research study will utilize, instruments of data collection together with their validity and reliability. The population that the research study will utilize will be discussed and how the data collected will be analyzed.Chapter FourIt will deal with data presentation and interpretation. It will in clude psychoanalysis of the data which have been collected and how it will be presented. It will also include how the collected will be interpreted for the audience to be able two understand.Chapter FiveThis chapter will include with the conclusions that will be gaunt from the study. The population of study will be representative to allow for the generalizations to be drawn from it be inferred to the whole population. This chapter will also include recommendations which will be given to allow a room improvement.ReferencesBly, R.W (1999) 101 Ways to Make all Second Count Time Management Tips and Techniques for More Success with Less Stress. Franklin Lakes Career PressCovey, R.S (1990) The Seven Habits of Effective People. New York Simon and Shulter Inchttp//www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR8-4/golafshani.pdfhttp//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-time-management.htmwww.learndirect-buisnes.co.uk/campaigns/finaces05/glossary/http//ezinearticles.com/?reasons-why-we-have-to-value-time-managementid=50636 6http//www.articlealley.com/article-28248-24.htmlhttp//ohoiline.osu.edu/b868/pdf/b868.pdf http//learnsmallbusiness.wordpress.com/2006/03/11/are-you-content-with-your-time-management-skills-7-reasons-why-you-must-have-a-to-do-list/ http//www.gradresources.org/articles/time_management.shtml